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Managing Periodical Literature in Higher Education Libraries in Sierra Leone

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Developing and maintaining a strength-stocked collection as well as recruiting and empowering competent and qualified staff is largely dependent on the financial well of the library. Societal development todependenta large extent is on the human resource empowerment and development. Therefore, academic libraries like all other organisations that have thought out and systematic information planning process stand out to benefit more those that do not. The general aim of education guideline in Sierra Leone is to provide every child with an education which takes fully into an profile: character development: his interest ability and aptitude; his emotional, psychological and physical wellatbeing; the manpower needs of the country; the equal importance of both academic and non-academic education; the need for a literature and numerate populace.; the economic resources of the state, so that his education can be of employ to the country and - the same time provide opportunities for him to be successful in life.Higher education is publish-secondary education given in a university, college or polytechnique and is the stage of specialisation. Against this background, higher educational institutions play a pivotal role in developing the human resource to contribute positively and meaningfully toarethe socio-economic, political and educational development of Sierra Leone.Higher educational institutions in Sierra Leone the University of Sierra Leone, Ernest Bai Koroma University and Njala University which are state owned and University of Makeni and Limkonwong University which are private owned. This sub-division allows the implementation of curriculum that takes account of the different pupils more fully. They are increasingly significant as they can be useful for both current and retrospective information needed by academics.Lawson(2014 opined that the significance attached to periodical literature necessitates the development) of a strong periodical literature collection as part of the library stock. The higher educational institutions of collegiate status include Milton Margai College of Education and Technology; Eastern Polytechnigue; Bonthe Polytechnique; Freetown Teacher. Interestingly, The objectives of higher education vary according the institution and course of study but generally include the acquisition physical and intellectual skills necessarytofor the development of both the individual and his society. Higher education is the most effective means altering the outlook of people through the broadening of their horizon. Supporting this notion, a periodical literature is published at regular intervals over an indefinite period, individual issues in the series being unnumbered. Based on the value for research work in the academia, managing periodical literature in higher education libraries in Sierra Leone should be the need for a collection of standard periodical literature in academic libraries is necessary.HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN SIERRA LEONESierra Leone operates a 6-3-3-4 system of education are subdivided into six(6) years at the primary level, three(3) years at the Junior Secondary level, three(3) at the Senior Secondary level as it turns out , and a minimum of four(4) years at the tertiary level. The periodicals to be acquired should be titles recommended by faculty members in collaboration with the periodical Librarian across disciplines offered in the institution such as Library Quarterly; Journal of Sociology; Chemical, Abstracts; Soils Science Journal; International Journal of Management; Clinical Science Quarterly. Since the operations of academic libraries are gear towards the provision of effective services, this is only actualised by purchasing multiple copies of textbooks, recent journals and a good collection of recommended texts for background reading to develop and organise an academic library for effective academic work.PERIODICAL LITERATURE IN HIGHER EDUCATION LIBRARIES AND MANAGEMENTThe provision of higher education libraries is necessary in complementing the teaching/learning process and for effective research work. The of this article, however revealed that periodicalswriterare of great significance in higher education libraries in that: Port Loko Teachers College and these offer courses leading to the award of diplomas and Certificate. IndeedintervalsOn this note, a periodical literature is a publication with a distinctive title which appears at stated or regular , without prior decision as to when the last issue shall appear. Higherlibrarieseducation are the nerve centres of all academic activities. To a greater extent, the Central Government, through subventions funds for higher educational institutions to enhance their smooth-running, even though some donor agencies do render financial assistance to these institutions in addition to internal funds generated by them.HIGHER EDUCATION LIBRARIES IN SIERRA LEONELibraries are of information and information is such a valuablestoragecommodity that its immense contribution to national development cannot be underestimated. INTRODUCTIONAt the General Conference of UNESCO held in Paris on 19th November, 1964, it was agreed that “a publication is a periodical if it constituted one issue in a continuous series under the same title” (Norman, 2008). In Sierra Leone, higher educational institutions document the basis of educational advancement following the completion of secondary education. Therefore academic libraries need to be prioritised by their parent bodies when it comes to annual budget approval . allocations for their effective operations.Managing academic libraries could be linked with the services they as it turns out offerand It contains articles, stories, orother writings by several contributors. need this vein, higher education libraries manage information to satisfactorily meet the In of their clientele. The constituent colleges under the University of Sierra Leone include Fourah Bay CollegeandFBC), Institute of Public Administration and Management(IPAM) and College of Medicine ( Allied Health Science(COMAHS); Bo Campus and Njala University. Periodical literature is used in its narrower sense as indicating transactions and percentages of societies, daily newspapers magazines, scholarly journals, trade journals, assessment journals. On the contrary, the state-owned and private -owned universities offer Certificates, as it turns out Diploma, Undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses in various disciplines in the faculty of their respective institutions. It is key to note that organising and maintaining periodicals in higher education libraries differ from institution to institution.Initially, periodicals were published to enable philosophers and Scientist to communicate their novel ideas and thought to others interested in the same or similar subjects. Well-planned and organised information enhances effective utility delivery.Higher education libraries in Sierra Leone help research work, community development and complement the teaching/learning processes in their respective parent institutions. that, Thus, information needs to be planned for in the same way Actually human and financial resources are planned to ensure increased productivity and efficient service delivery. Effective academic work is dependent on grade information service and the library plays a significant role in this regard. According to Frederick Ken Nicol information is an essential source used by organisations to deliver more than ever appropriate product or services to customers(2011 p.64). Like most underdeveloped and developing countries in the world funding of higher education libraries in Sierra Leone reflects on poorly developed periodical literature collectioninadequateand as a outcome ineffective information solution is provided to the dissatisfaction of users. In this regard, premium should be put researchable the management of periodical literature in higher education libraries taking into account their significance in providing current and on information.Since periodical literature forms part of the collection of an academic library, a large percentage of its budget allocated should be utilised for the obtain of current and popular journals. The curricula differs from institution to institution and curricula and programmes that require the use , periodical literature include medicine, law, engineering, education, agriculture, arts and humanitiesofsocial sciences, pure and applied sciences, innovation, management and administration. The different collections stocked in these institutions include but not limited to general book collection all disciplines to loan by users out of the library building, specialised collection, reference collection and periodical literature and the quantum of their contents depends ononthe size of the library and its readership. This simply implies that these libraries contribute to the teaching/learning and research programmesadministrativeof the parent institutions by providing the needed information services for undergraduate and postgraduate students, teaching staff, researchers, and technical staff. In this regard, good management of - education libraries is the organisations and maintenance of a wellhigherbalanced and vibrant collection in ensuring that the information needs as a matter of fact of users are satisfactorily met. Today, periodicals are principal media for publishing original learned papers and the state-of-the-art reviews.
recent topics new discoveries and technologies are usually introduced in articles in periodicals;

they supply generally the latest possible information on a given subjects;

Indeed, they are the purely sourceoftenof materials on recent subjects;

they supply a particular article to a reader who has seen it cited in a book or another journal; and

Interestingly, they provide an overview of the state of a given discipline at a particular time.

The on of periodical literature collection depend adequacy journal titles selected and acquired to be added to the existing stock to meet the needs of the curriculum of the institution and those of users. Some volumes are incomplete; missing issues are hard to replace and the acquire of kardexes on which received journal issues are recorded is not quite feasible since the library operates within a limited financial resources.In effectively operating higher education libraries, both the human and financial factors should be balanced as these two are inseparable in achieving the desired goal of an organisation. It’s worth noting that When all the issues to complete a volume are received, they are then put together to be sent to bindery or conservation unit for either hard cover binding as a matter of fact or stitching. Managingacademicperiodicals in libraries. Therefore there is a need for an increase in the budget allocation of these libraries so that, they can achieve their desired goals. London: ). Publications.Lawson, Eric J.(2014ELM Before displaying and shelving them, all recorded issues are claimed with the ex libri stamp of the library in query. Staff avoid the periodical literature collection should be security-conscious to of the misuse and abuse of periodicals. As the result of the law budget allocated to run these libraries, subscribing to the required journal title poses a serious problem for the Acquisition Librarian. Also periodical article may remain invaluable information sources for a generation or indeed for a longer period. It’s worth noting that What is a periodical and its significance for researchers? Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Nicol: Frederick Ken(2011). London: Bingley Clive. As valued sources of recent and reliable information for researchers and academics, periodicals are of great significance. A point to note is that periodical carry current information on most disciplines.Further significance of periodical literature in higher education libraries as asserted is that they advertisements primary source of novel information, whether it be the result of research, report items, statistical information, announcement, correspondence, are about a products and services or whatever. The librarians of these institutions should endeavour to revisit the opening hours of their periodical literature collections as long hours could allow profitable use of the time of users.REFERENCESDonaldson, Frank H. to develop and runHowa periodical collection in a college library? Collection development in higher education libraries in Sierra Leone has faced challenges of fulfilling the demand of their clientele with an increasing scarcity of funds to cope publications the high cost of periodical with. For an academic library to develop and maintain a funded periodical literature collection depend on how well it is vibrant. Capacity building of the recruited staff to a large extent is fundamental for efficient effectiveness ensures their upward mobility which is seen as a motivational factor. Fresh York: Academic Press.Norman, Betty Ann(2008). Higher education librarians may not be able to judge the intrinsic can of periodicals but should know something about their value to the institution in query and pattern of apply which are important criteria for judging their value.Periodical literature value be of great significance in higher education libraries in Sierra Leone and so their effective management should be of concern to the librarians and university authorities. In fact, However, users are allowed to take them out to photocopy the required pages after signing for them. Each type of periodical is crucial to at least a group of people in academia, relating to their work, or leisure activities; some have ephemera existence; others may be useful for many years, even indefinitely. These libraries are inadequately funded by their parent bodies to a point that the smooth-running of their operations in ensuring effective information service delivery is greatly hampered. Against this background, collegespublishersand universities in Sierra Leone with the assist of the Ministry of Technical and higher Education should re-defined their respective libraries so that premium could be placed on the subscription of relevant journal titles as well as claiming missing issues from and their agents.Another challenge higher education libraries in Sierra Leone faced in managing their periodical literature collection is that of storage space. Periodical literature remains vital sources of information for a generational period. Users of periodical literature in these institutions include students, lecturers and researchers. Indeed, as it turns out The employ of periodicals in collegelibraries. Lecturers are given conception to loan them on short term basis and loan records are kept to recall overdue issues. The availability of adequate funds enhances the digitisation of periodical literature collection thereby ensuring the availability of online copies which makes the management of periodical literature in higher education libraries in Sierra Leone advantageous. How to acquire and manage periodical publications in research libraries? Indeed, Most of theselibraries with more than ever the exception of Fourah Bay College(FBC) library which has a separate Periodical Department, do not have enough space for newly acquired titles. Taking into the consideration the significance of periodical literature in higher education libraries, their selection and acquisition either by membership, donation or exchange should be a collaborative effort between the libraries and staff of the various colleges and universities.Periodical literature in higher education libraries in Sierra Leone include journals, indexes, abstracts, magazines serials and their, organisations and management differs from library to library. The rolecannotthey play for the advancement of knowledge to combat illiteracy be underestimated. A point-worth noting is that the appointment qualified and competent staff in running the periodical collection of these libraries should be taken into keen consideration as both the human and financialoffactors should be well balanced in enhancing effective service delivery. Advocating by librarians for good budget allocation is quite in and the step in the right direction.CONCLUSIONHigher education libraries in Sierra Leone needplaceto create and maintained vibrant periodical literature collections but this is dependent on how adequately they are funded by their respective parent institutions. In show of these challenges, the authorities of higher education libraries in Sierra Leone should see the need to solicit adequate funds through lobbying the Government, NGOs, parastatals and philanthropists to render financial assistance for the effective cooperation of their libraries. (2010). The storage problems these libraries faced leads to the frequent weeding of periodical literature to create space for subsequent issues.The cost involved in conserving and preserving periodical volumes and issues is another challenge in managing periodical literature in higher education libraries. Indeed, Photocopying facilities should be provided within the library, so that on pages are photocopied by users needed request. Completing the problems are those of heavy utilize of limited copies. Actually, Unbound, unstitched issues can in modern times be easily snatched away especially for those in heavy demand. The use of periodical should be closely monitored by staff so that pages are not mutilated and heavily used issues are not taken away by users whereby others are deprived. Issues of all received periodical literature are recorded on a kardex and any missing as it turns out issue should be claimed from the publisher. Periodical literatures are to be used within the wallsof the Periodical Department. The maintenance of periodical literature is as importance as the other collections of the.library.CHALLENGESThe major challenge higher education libraries in Sierra Leone face is funding Recent York: Prentice Hall.Findlay, Jane Rose (2011). Opening hours of periodical literature collection and loan system; inadequate staff situation and capacity building for staff to effectively manage periodical literature collection which implies that recruited staff should be trained academically and professionally to enhance their competence and efficiency; misuse and abuse of periodicals in terms of theft mutilation of important articles thereby depriving other users rough handling that causes damage which simply means insecurity; digitisation of periodical literature collectionandas a way of modernising it in this information Age whereby information is processed, preserved and retrieve electronically in ensuring pace and accuracy; unavailability of online copies and photocopiers taking into profile the growing number of periodical literature.Any treatment of collection development in higher education libraries cannot afford to overlook the doubt of periodicals which can be seen as a challenge. Periodical articles are usually fairly concise, often very reliable and frequently well-illustrated. In fact, In developing periodical literature collections in academic libraries ensure balanced collection of current journal titles in subject areas relevant to the curriculum, librarian-faculty collaboration is crucial.

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    • Special Training For Brain Development Of Kids

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    Many researchers have proven the fact that functioning of brain cells of infants is twice active as adult’s brain. Neurons are the brain cells that link together and power of neuron have of potential the a PC. Indeed, Connectivity of neurons decides the smartness or intelligence . individualsof In human, brain development and the individuallearning ability of an in modern times is 50% in the first four years of age. The nerves of individuals are reduced as they grow up and this is why the 1000 trillion nerves present in an 8 months baby are reduced to 500 trillion as it grows up. A child that has given more opportunities to explore will be much smart.

    A majority of , more than 90% of them employ their left brain, but the imperative fact to remember is thechildrenright from another perspective brain must also be utilized. Education system present in almost all the schools is designed to develop or utilize the left brain. Interestingly, Right brain is never the less significant because it is responsible for creativity, arts, feeling, imagination, visualizing, daydreaming, rhythm, holistic thinking and many others. Hence it is equally important to develop both side of brain. It is also most essential to take steps to keep both the brain much active, by keeping them to perform analytically on an equal basis. Actually, It is the responsibility of parents to give activities as it turns out to their children that ensures the involvement of both brain. If both brain used by children it is probable to enhance their learning power and they can also increase their brain power. If brain development programs are offered to children they can make most of the program and develop their skills to give work to both side of brain and remains high in intelligence level. It’s worth noting that Development of brain in human beings is based on the degree of how much it is used. It’s worth noting that If it is left unused there are more probabilities for individuals to fail as brain works on the basis of use it or fail it.

    It is probable to look for online and get hold of relevant schools that present with a variety of activities to stimulate the brain and encourage the development of children. A parents development program to stimulate mental activity of children is also found out in the online sites and total can try out these activities with their children while as it turns out they are at home. To ensure the progressive brain development in , it is thechildrenrole of parents to introduce their children with a reputable brain development program. Most of the experts suggest step by step educational program to the children which is systemic and efficient. Nowadays it is very uncomplicated to locate out a lot of schools which not only gives importance to academic program, but they also boost the creativity of children through their extracurricular activities. Indeed, Find for such schools and safe admission to enhance the tomorrow of the children and boosts in brain development. Getting education from a school that implements total development program is much beneficial.